A brave new MYC-amplified world
نویسندگان
چکیده
a basic domain helix-loop-helix leucine zipper (bHLH-LZ) transcriptional regulator that forms a heterodimer with the related but much smaller bHLH-LZ protein Max to bind sequence-specifically to DNA. In the last few years, the understanding of MYC action has undergone a complete transformation. Originally thought of as a conventional transcription factor with a large but limited number of distinct target genes, MYC has emerged as a transcriptional amplifier, whereby global transcription is tuned to specific cellular levels of MYC. Evidence for this universal involvement of MYC in transcription was originally obtained in studies of the protein-coding transcriptome [1, 2]. However, recent papers now extend MYC's broad activity to the entire non-coding transcriptome, showing that all non-coding RNAs are subject to MYC regulation [3, 4]. These data are in accord with the role of MYC as general transcriptional amplifier. It has been known for some time that MYC can affect the transcription of short noncoding RNAs such as microRNAs [5]. However, these constitute only a small minority of all noncoding RNAs. A larger and far less explored segment of the non-coding transcriptome is made up of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) which typically form functional secondary and higher order structures comprising protein-protein or protein-nucleic acid complexes [6, 7]. Functions and regulation of lncRNAs largely are virgin, unexplored territory. The reach of MYC to all of the non-coding transcriptome constitutes a huge, new expansion of MYC's sphere of influence. Considering that the vast majority of all transcribed sequences is non-coding, their inclusion among the transcriptional clients of MYC amounts to multiplying the MYC universe. The effect of MYC on non-coding transcripts is correlated with MYC binding to promoter-proximal sites and therefore appears to be a direct function of MYC, not mediated by a different downstream transcriptional regulator. Although MYC binding to transcriptional start sites is identical in different cell types, the resulting expression patterns are cell type-specific. This surprising observation is unexplained at this time and requires further analysis. As is the case with the coding transcriptome, MYC can function as a positive as well as negative regulator of transcription. The genome-wide effects of MYC on the non-coding Editorial transcriptome were discovered by RNAseq analysis. However, for selected genes, these data have been independently validated for specific lncRNAs by determining steady-state RNA levels by qRT-PCR and direct transcriptional effects by nuclear run-on experiments. This data is augmented by visualization with global epigenetic and MYC …
منابع مشابه
O Brave New World: The Dark Side of Cyberspace
This article focuses on some of the negative aspects of cyberspace andcyberculture. First, it offers an examination of the impact of our use ofsocial media, and Facebook in particular, on our psyches, pointing out thatusers of social media can be thought of as audiences. These audiencesand information about them can be sold to marketers and advertisers.Next, it offers a case study of a widespre...
متن کاملA postemotional analysis of Brave New World: HRD as unwitting collaborator or critical agent?
Aldous Huxley wrote Brave New World in 1932 as a cautionary tale of the implications of totalitarianism, technology, capitalism, and mass media. The hallmarks of the futuristic society in Brave New World can be seen in Mestrovic’s critical theory of postemotionalism. Mestrovic argues that our society has slipped into a state in which emotions have been manipulated to such an extent that we now ...
متن کاملBrave New World
Written in 1931 and published the following year, Aldous Huxley’s Brave New World is a dystopian—or anti-utopian—novel. In it, the author questions the values of 1931 London, using satire and irony to portray a futuristic world in which many of the contemporary trends in British and American society have been taken to extremes. Though he was already a best-selling author, Huxley achieved intern...
متن کاملDesigning a brave new world: eugenics, politics, and fiction.
Aldous Huxley composed Brave New World in the context of the Depression and the eugenics movement in Britain. Today his novel is best known as satirical and predictive, but an additional interpretation emerges from Huxley's nonfiction writings in which the liberal hurmanist expressed some surprising opinions about eugenics, citizenship, and meritocracy. He felt that his role as an artist and pu...
متن کاملChanging Humanity: a Study of Four Dystopias at the Dawn of the Biotechnological Age
.............................................................................................................. 3 Introduction ......................................................................................................... 5 Chapter 1: Züllinger und seine Zucht and The New Race of Devils: Eugenics and artificial reproduction in the dystopias of the early twenties .........................
متن کاملذخیره در منابع من
با ذخیره ی این منبع در منابع من، دسترسی به آن را برای استفاده های بعدی آسان تر کنید
عنوان ژورنال:
دوره 7 شماره
صفحات -
تاریخ انتشار 2015